Groundwater extraction; independent of rainfall timing but depends on local aquifer access.
Cost
Medium
Upkeep
Occasional
Skill to build
Intermediate
Lifespan
30-50+ years for the well/casing itself; the submersible pump inside typically needs replacement every 10-15 years
Embodied carbon
Medium
Space / material use
Low
Output timing
On-demand/controllable
Skill to repair
Intermediate
Regulation (FR example)
A domestic borehole or well must be declared to the mairie (art. L2224-9 CGCT). Water intended for domestic use must be tested, and the installation kept separate from the public network.
Note: Cost, carbon and footprint are rated against the other options for this same need, not in absolute terms.
What your site needs
A confirmed, accessible aquifer at the site (a hydrogeological survey, not assumed)
Water well/tank lifespan industry sources (Inspectapedia; Spring Creek Drilling; Poly Processing)
What this page does not tell you
No sizing or quantities: how much a technique yields, and how much a household needs, both depend on the build and the people, so the catalogue compares options rather than dimensioning them. It carries no bill of materials and no build sequence, and it is written for an oceanic, clay-soil climate (Normandy, France). Regulatory notes are indicative and need confirming locally.