Solar PV array: Native DC output; can feed a DC bus directly or via inverter to AC.
Small wind turbine: Site-dependent on adequate, consistent wind exposure.
Micro-hydro turbine: Only feasible with year-round flowing water on or adjacent to the property.
Grid connection: Conventional AC supply; highest reliability under normal conditions, but the one most exposed to the 2050s disruption assumption (Charter §2).
Pedal / hand-crank generator: Very low output, but a genuinely zero-fuel, zero-sun/wind-dependent backup for small emergency loads.