Lowtech Graph lists low-tech options for every need of a home. Here you can compare them, find tutorials to build them, and link them together into a circular system. Why low-tech?
Mains electricity
Needs the grid
One of 8 ways to meet this need. Cost, carbon, footprint and rankings are relative to other solutions for the same need, not absolute.
What your site needs
Grid infrastructure reaching the site
Electricity supplied by the public grid through a meter. Power stations far away produce it and cables bring it to the house. It is the most reliable supply in normal times and powers anything, but the household depends entirely on the network and on being able to pay for it.
Build it
This solution is not buildable as a DIY project.
Cost
Low
Upkeep
None
Skill to build
Specialist
Lifespan
Not applicable, a service connection, not a physical component owned/replaced by the household (meter/service line maintained by the utility)
Embodied carbon
None
Space / material use
Low
Output timing
On-demand/controllable
Skill to repair
Specialist
Regulation (FR example)
Fixed electrical installations must meet NF C 15-100, and a Consuel certificate is required before a new connection is energised. Grid-connected generation requires an Enedis connection agreement.
Levels are relative to the other options for this need, not absolute. Fewer dots is lighter.
Mains electricity (This page) Can I use it? Works in a flat · No rebuilding needed What does it cost me? Upfront cost: Low · Skill to build: Specialist · Upkeep: None · Change to daily life: None · Works without the grid: No Choose it if the grid reaches you and you want the most reliable supply in normal times.
Solar PV array Can I use it? Works in a flat · No rebuilding needed What does it cost me? Upfront cost: Medium · Skill to build: Intermediate · Upkeep: Light · Change to daily life: None · Works without the grid: Yes Choose it if you have a sunny roof or patch of ground and want free electricity with no moving parts.
Small wind turbine Can I use it? Works in a flat · No rebuilding needed What does it cost me? Upfront cost: Medium · Skill to build: Intermediate · Upkeep: Regular · Change to daily life: None · Works without the grid: Yes Choose it if your site has steady wind and you want power at night and in winter.
Micro-hydro turbine Can I use it? Works in a flat · No rebuilding needed What does it cost me? Upfront cost: Medium · Skill to build: Intermediate · Upkeep: Regular · Change to daily life: None · Works without the grid: Yes Choose it if water flows all year on or next to your land and you want power day and night.
Pedal / hand-crank generator Can I use it? Works in a flat · No rebuilding needed What does it cost me? Upfront cost: Low · Skill to build: Basic · Upkeep: Light · Change to daily life: Daily · Works without the grid: Yes Choose it if you want a little emergency power, for a phone, a light or a radio, from your own muscles.
Water motor for direct mechanical drive Can I use it? Works in a flat · No rebuilding needed What does it cost me? Upfront cost: Low · Skill to build: Intermediate · Upkeep: Regular · Change to daily life: Occasional · Works without the grid: Yes Choose it if you have a stream and want it to drive a pump, a mill or a tool directly, with no electronics.
Electric motor (mains or battery driven) Can I use it? Works in a flat · No rebuilding needed What does it cost me? Upfront cost: Low · Skill to build: None · Upkeep: None · Change to daily life: None · Works without the grid: No Choose it if you want quiet, controllable drive at the flick of a switch.
Small petrol or diesel engine (direct drive) Can I use it? Works in a flat · No rebuilding needed What does it cost me? Upfront cost: Medium · Skill to build: None · Upkeep: Heavy · Change to daily life: Occasional · Works without the grid: No Choose it if you need heavy work done far from any wiring, even when the grid is down.
Sources
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Limitations of this page
We don’t list sizing or quantities, as the yield of each technique depends on the quality of its build. The catalogue compares options but doesn’t dimension them. Regulatory notes are indicative, with a French example, and need to be confirmed locally.