Lowtech Graph lists low-tech options for every need of a home. Here you can compare them, find tutorials to build them, and link them together into a circular system. Why low-tech?
Stops CONVECTION: air physically leaving the building through gaps and taking its heat with it. The test: it does nothing in a house with no holes, because it has nothing left to close. Measured in air changes per hour and never in R-value, since sealing a gap adds no insulation whatsoever. Always paired with a deliberate means of ventilation, or the house gets damp.