Post-and-beam heavy timber frame: Larger structural members, fewer connections, long service life; often paired with non-structural infill walls.
Cob / monolithic earthen wall construction: Thick, load-bearing wall of clay/sand/fibre mix; high thermal mass, minimal purchased material, slow to build and needs weather protection during construction.
Compressed earth block (CEB) walls: Machine- or hand-pressed earth blocks laid like masonry; faster to build than cob, similarly low embodied energy.
Rammed earth (pise) wall construction: Moist subsoil compacted in temporary formwork, layer by layer, into a dense monolithic wall. Excellent thermal mass (a 30cm wall delays heat transfer by 8-9 hou
Adobe / mudbrick walls: Pre-formed, sun-dried earth blocks assembled with earth mortar, distinct from cob (built up directly, no blocks or forms) and from CEB (mechanically compressed
Superadobe (earthbag construction): Sandbags or long tubes filled with tamped earth, coiled course by course into a monolithic wall or dome. Distinct from adobe brick, cob, rammed earth, and CEB,
GREB straw wall technique: A double timber frame filled with loose straw and coated in a light clay-lime slurry ('mezcla'), poured/packed in place rather than built from blocks or bales.